| ARCHETYPE ID | openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.v_risk_y.v0 |
|---|---|
| Concept | Violence Risk Assessment Checklist for Youth aged 12-18 (V-RISK-Y) |
| Description | V-RISK-Y is a short screening checklist for violence risk among youth and consists of 12 items, covering historical, clinical and risk management variables. |
| Use | Used to record scores for each of the 12 items in the V-RISK-Y, as well as an overall clinical assessment of violence risk. Reference for the English translation: V-RISK-Y © Revised 21.06.2024. Regional Research and Education Centre for Security, Prisons and Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority. While openEHR archetypes are all freely available under an open license, the specific content of this V-RISK-Y archetype is copyright protected. Any use of this archetype within implementations must be in compliance with the terms established by the copyright owners. Copyright statement: V-RISK-Y © The checklist can be downloaded and used free of charge (no fees). It is not permitted to use V-RISK-Y in a commercial context or to charge someone for using it. The layout can be adapted, for example to fit an electronic hospital record, but the text cannot be changed. Copyright information: https://www.sifer.no/verktoy/#v-risk-y/ |
| Misuse | Not to be used to record the results from other instrument in the V-RISK family other than V-RISK-Y. Use specific archetypes for these purposes. |
| Purpose | To record a structured assessment of short-term violence risk in adolescents aged 12–18 years based on the V-RISK-Y checklist, including scoring of individual risk factors and an overall clinical assessment. |
| References | Roaldset JO, et al. Validation of a violence screening for youth in psychiatric inpatient care – a pilot study of V-RISK-Y. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1210871. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1210871 Regional Research and Education Centre for Security, Prisons and Forensic Psychiatry. V-RISK-Y [Internet]. Revised 2024 Jun 21. Oslo: Oslo University Hospital, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority; [cited 2026 May 15]. Available from: https://www.sifer.no/verktoy/#v-risk-y |
| Copyright | © openEHR Foundation |
| Authors | Author name: Karsten Øvretveit Organisation: Helse Vest IKT Email: karsten.ovretveit@helse-vest-ikt.no Date originally authored: 2026-04-01 |
| Other Details Language | Author name: Karsten Øvretveit Organisation: Helse Vest IKT Email: karsten.ovretveit@helse-vest-ikt.no Date originally authored: 2026-04-01 |
| Other Details (Language Independent) |
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| Keywords | violence risk, adolescents, risk assessment, mental health services, forensic psychiatry, checklist, scoring tool, risk factors, preventive measures, youth |
| Lifecycle | in_development |
| UID | d851c3fa-8de6-49f0-80fb-353c6a1852fa |
| Language used | en |
| Citeable Identifier | 1013.1.8301 |
| Revision Number | 0.0.1-alpha |
| events | |
| Any event | Any event: Default, unspecified point in time or interval event which may be explicitly defined in a template or at run-time. |
| data | |
| 1. Prior and/or current acts of violence | 1. Prior and/or current acts of violence: Serious violence: Physical attacks (including the use of different weapons, fire) for the purpose of inflicting serious physical harm on another person.
Moderate: Acts of aggression including kicking, hitting and pushing that do not inflict harm on the victim.
Yes: Must have performed 3 moderate or 1 serious act of violence.
Definition of violence: Actions intended to injure, violate, or inflict physical pain on another person.
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| 2. Prior and/or current threats of violence | 2. Prior and/or current threats of violence: Verbal threats of violence: Shouting, verbal or written statements (including on social media) involving threats to commit violent acts against another person.
A physical threat of violence entails showing preparatory violent behaviour, such as threatening someone with a fist or other physical behaviour that signalises an imminent physical attack. Destroying objects is not considered violent behaviour, but this may be perceived as a threat in certain situations (physical threat will often result in a higher risk than verbal threat).
It can be difficult to assess the content of threats, and they must be characterized at best judgement as real threats (Moderate or Yes), or as "just talk" (No).
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| 3. Prior and/or current alcohol or substance abuse | 3. Prior and/or current alcohol or substance abuse: Moderate: The youth has a history of abusing alcohol, medication, narcotic drugs, anabolic steroids or solvents.
Yes: The youth has or has had an extensive abuse/addiction problem, with impaired health or function at school, work or leisure activities.
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| 4. Prior and/or current severe symptoms of mental health disorders | 4. Prior and/or current severe symptoms of mental health disorders: This item focuses on a failing understanding of reality. The youth has strange or inappropriate behaviour or expresses ideas that do not match their developmental age. This can be an expression of anxiety disorders, depression, autism spectrum disorders, disorders/symptoms with a lack of reality, or similar, and can also occur without any evidence of mental illness or diagnosis.
Maybe: Behaviour or thoughts that give rise to suspicion of abnormality
Yes: Clear and obvious aberrant behaviour or thoughts as noted above.
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| 5. Disruptive, impulsive behaviour/behavioural disorder | 5. Disruptive, impulsive behaviour/behavioural disorder: Moderate: Impulsive, disruptive behaviour that does not cause serious harm or distress; such as ADHD, oppositional behaviour or poor emotional regulation (e.g. self-harm).
Yes: Behavioural disorders causing serious harm or distress, antisocial behaviour.
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| 6. Has poor insight into the mental disorder and/or behaviour | 6. Has poor insight into the mental disorder and/or behaviour: This item examines to the extent to which the youth or parents/guardians lacks insight into the youth’s mental illness or behavioural problems, what social consequences these may entail, and what the youth needs in terms of help, support, care measures or treatment. For younger youths, their parents/guardians’ insight will be most important, while for older youths, the youth’s own insight will be most important.
Moderate: Either the youth or their parents/guardians lack insight.
Yes: Both the youth and parents/guardians, or youth 16-18 years old, lack insight.
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| 7. Suspicion | 7. Suspicion: The youth expresses suspicion towards other people, either verbally or nonverbally, or appears to be “on guard” against the surroundings.
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| 8. Demonstrates lack of empathy | 8. Demonstrates lack of empathy: The youth express callous-unemotional behaviour without the ability to empathise with the mental or emotional situation of others. The behaviour must clearly show that the young person lacks empathy.
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| 9. Unrealistic planning | 9. Unrealistic planning: This examines the extent to which the youth or parents/guardians has unrealistic plans for what the young person will need in terms of help, support or treatment in the future, and what can be expected from support from family and from social and professional networks.
It is important to assess whether the parents/guardians and the youth are willing to cooperate and are motivated to follow the plan. For younger youths, their parents/guardians’ plans will be most important, while for older youths, the youth’s own plans will be most important.
Moderate: Either the youth or their parents/guardians lack realistic plans.
Yes: Both the youth and their parents/guardians, or youth 16-18 years old,
lack realistic plans.
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| 10. Future stressful situations | 10. Future stressful situations: This examines the possibility that the youth (1) may be exposed to stressful and distressing situations in the future, and (2) their ability to cope with stress. It is enough to come in under either (1) or (2) to score (Moderate or Yes).
This item entails whether parents/guardians are able to support the youth in their stress management, whether there are conflicts between the youth and their parents/guardians, whether the parents/guardians or the youth have antisocial lifestyles or attitudes, including an attraction to violent environments such as extremist sympathisers, e.g. radical Islamists or right-wing radicals.
Examples: Failure to set boundaries, proximity to possible victims of violence, alcohol/substance abuse, exposure to violent environments, etc.
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| 11. Prior and/or current severe trauma | 11. Prior and/or current severe trauma: Has the youth been exposed to or witnessed severe trauma, been exposed to or witnessed repeated physical, sexual or psychological abuse, or been subjected to neglect?
Maybe: Suspicion of severe trauma.
Yes: Severe trauma.
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| 12. The youth’s and parents/guardians’ own perception of violence risk | 12. The youth’s and parents/guardians’ own perception of violence risk: The extent to which the youth or their parents/guardians perceive the risk of violence:
Maybe: The youth or their parents/guardians perceive a slightly elevated risk of violence.
Yes: The youth or their parents/guardians perceive either a moderate or high risk of violence, or do not wish to answer.
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| How great do you believe the risk of violence is for this youth? | How great do you believe the risk of violence is for this youth?: Total clinical assessment and implementation of measures based on the V-RISK-Y, individual clinical assessment and other available information.
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| Immediate implementation of preventive measures | Immediate implementation of preventive measures:
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| Description of preventive measures | Description of preventive measures: E.g. shielding, permanent guard, extra staff, frequent supervision. |
| Suggestions for additional violence risk assessments | Suggestions for additional violence risk assessments:
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| Description of additional violence risk assessments | Description of additional violence risk assessments: E.g. mapping / investigation, further violence risk investigation at the institution, referral to second opinion, use of instruments (such as BVC, ERM, START AV, SAVRY), etc. |
| protocol | |
| Extension | Extension: Additional information required to extend the model with local content or to align with other reference models or formalisms. For example: local information requirements; or additional metadata to align with FHIR. Include: All not explicitly excluded archetypes |
| Other contributors | Vebjørn Arntzen, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (openEHR Editor) Silje Ljosland Bakke, Helse Vest IKT AS, Norway (openEHR Editor) SB Bhattacharyya, Bhattacharyyas Clinical Records Research & Informatics LLP, India Hanne Marte Bårholm, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Grete Hovde Bøe, Sykehuspartner HF, Norway (openEHR Editor) Aleksander Furnes, Helse Nord IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Ciprian Gerstenberger, Helse Nord IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Marte Vassli Gullesen, Helse Nord IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Nancy Helgesen, Helse Fonna, Norway Ronald Krawec, Alberta Health Services, Canada Elin Kristiansen, Sykehuspartner HF, Norway (openEHR Editor) Kanika Kuwelker, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Eli Larsen, UNN, Norway (openEHR Editor) Liv Laugen, Oslo University Hospital, Norway, Norway (openEHR Editor) Heather Leslie, Atomica Informatics, Australia (openEHR Editor) Ian McNicoll, freshEHR Clinical Informatics, United Kingdom Patrick Fergal McSharry, MSMS(I) and SESLHD, Australia Martin Milde, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Olha Nikolaieva, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland Mikael Nyström, Cambio Healthcare Systems AB, Sweden Bjørn Næss, DIPS ASA, Norway Marianne Opsahl Bredesen, Helse Nord IKT HF, Norway Terje Sagmyr, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Norwegian Review Summary, Norwegian Public Hospitals, Norway John Tore Valand, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Karsten Øvretveit, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) |
| Translators |