ARCHETYPE Handgrip strength (openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.hand_grip_strength.v0)

Name: Handgrip strength
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

ARCHETYPE ID	openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.hand_grip_strength.v0
Concept	Handgrip strength
Description	The maximum voluntary isometric force generated by the muscles of the hand and forearm during a gripping action, usually measured with a hand-held dynamometer.
Use	Use to record the measured handgrip strength of an individual, typically using a hand dynamometer.
Misuse	Not to be used to record estimated or non‑measured handgrip strength. Not to be used to record other grip types such as lateral pinch, tip pinch, or three‑jaw chuck pinch. The need for a specific archetypes for these purposes is acknowledged but had not yet been developed at the time of the publication of this archetype.
Purpose	To record the measured handgrip strength of an individual, typically using a hand dynamometer.
References	Svinøy OE, Hilde G, Bergland A, Strand BH. Reference values for Jamar+ digital dynamometer hand grip strength in healthy adults and in adults with non-communicable diseases or osteoarthritis: the Norwegian Tromsø study 2015–2016 [Internet]. Eur J Ageing. 2023 Nov 24;20(1):44. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37999814/ Lee SH, Gong HS. Measurement and Interpretation of Handgrip Strength for Research on Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis [Internet]. J Bone Metab. 2020 May;27(2):85–96. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32572369/ Peters MJ, van Nes SI, Vanhoutte EK, Bakkers M, van Doorn PA, Merkies IS, Faber CG. Revised normative values for grip strength with the Jamar dynamometer [Internet]. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2011 Mar;16(1):47–50. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21504502/
Authors	Author name: Kanika Kuwelker Organisation: Helse Vest IKT Email: kanika.kuwelker@helse-vest-ikt.no Date originally authored: 2025-11-26
Other Details Language	Author name: Kanika Kuwelker Organisation: Helse Vest IKT Email: kanika.kuwelker@helse-vest-ikt.no Date originally authored: 2025-11-26
Other Details (Language Independent)	Licence: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Custodian Organisation: openEHR Foundation References: Svinøy OE, Hilde G, Bergland A, Strand BH. Reference values for Jamar+ digital dynamometer hand grip strength in healthy adults and in adults with non-communicable diseases or osteoarthritis: the Norwegian Tromsø study 2015–2016 [Internet]. Eur J Ageing. 2023 Nov 24;20(1):44. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37999814/ Lee SH, Gong HS. Measurement and Interpretation of Handgrip Strength for Research on Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis [Internet]. J Bone Metab. 2020 May;27(2):85–96. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32572369/ Peters MJ, van Nes SI, Vanhoutte EK, Bakkers M, van Doorn PA, Merkies IS, Faber CG. Revised normative values for grip strength with the Jamar dynamometer [Internet]. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2011 Mar;16(1):47–50. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21504502/ Original Namespace: org.openehr Original Publisher: openEHR Foundation Custodian Namespace: org.openehr MD5-CAM-1.0.1: E82870D0B043C7A36D3714AE666726F3 Build Uid: 0c2c6cbf-0b4e-4a3b-898e-397d4bf5a82e Ip Acknowledgements: This artefact includes content from SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is copyrighted material of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO). Where an implementation of this artefact makes use of SNOMED CT content, the implementer must have the appropriate SNOMED CT Affiliate license - for more information contact https://www.snomed.org/snomed-ct/get-snomed or info@snomed.org. Revision: 0.0.1-alpha
Keywords	grip strength, grip, strength, handgrip strength, muscle strength, upper limp strength, dynamometer, frailty, functional status, hand function, physical performance, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, occupational therapy
Lifecycle	in_development
UID	0f5b8753-1898-4584-886b-f872338fed50
Language used	en
Citeable Identifier	1013.1.8292
Revision Number	0.0.1-alpha
state
Confounding factors	Confounding factors: Issues or factors that may impact on the measurement of handgrip strength, not captured in other fields. For example: pain, musculoskeletal conditions, fatigue, or deviations from a measurement protocol.
protocol
Measurement protocol	Measurement protocol: Specification of the protocol or standardized method used to measure handgrip strength during the assessment. Choice of: Coded Text at0034::NIHR Southampton Biomedial Research Centre at0037::Jamar Standard Position (American Society of Hand Therapists) at0038::NIH Toolbox Grip Strength Test Text
Grip span	Grip span: The actual distance between the handles of the dynamometer at the time of measurement. May be recorded as a continuous length in centimetres or millimeters, or as a coded manufacturer‑defined setting for instruments that do not provide a numerical distance. Choice of: Quantity Property: Length Units: 0.0..<100.0 cm Limit decimal places: 1 0.0..<1000.0 mm Text
Measuring device	Measuring device: Details about the device used to measure the handgrip strength. Include: .* or openEHR-EHR-CLUSTER.device.v1 and specialisations
Extension	Extension: Additional information required to extend the model with local content or to align with other reference models or formalisms. For example: local information requirements; or additional metadata to align with FHIR. Include: All not explicitly excluded archetypes
data
Measured hand	Measured hand: The hand for which handgrip strength was measured. at0005::Right hand [SNOMED-CT::78791008 \| Structure of right hand] at0006::Left hand [SNOMED-CT::85151006 \| Structure of left hand]
Grip strength	Grip strength: The measured force produced during a handgrip. Property: Force Units: >=0.0 kgf >=0.0 lbf (UCUM: [lbf_av]) >=0.0 N
Comment	Comment: Additional narrative about the handgrip strength not captured in other fields.
events
Any event	Any event: Default, unspecified point in time or interval event which may be explicitly defined in a template or at run-time.
Maximum grip strength	Maximum grip strength: Maximum handgrip strength calculated from a series of measurements, recorded as the highest value achieved under standardised testing conditions. Math. function: Maximum
Mean grip strength	Mean grip strength: Mean handgrip strength calculated from a series of measurements, recorded as the mean value achieved under standardised testing conditions. Math. function: Mean
Other contributors	Stein Arne Rimehaug, Sunnaas sykehus, Norway Vebjørn Arntzen, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (openEHR Editor) Silje Ljosland Bakke, Helse Vest IKT AS, Norway (openEHR Editor) SB Bhattacharyya, Bhattacharyyas Clinical Records Research & Informatics LLP, India Pascal Bolla, Nexus Digital Health, Canada Hanne Marte Bårholm, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Grete Hovde Bøe, Sykehuspartner HF, Norway (openEHR Editor) Kristina Fjone, Oslo universitetssykehus, Norway Aleksander Furnes, Helse Nord IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Ciprian Gerstenberger, Helse Nord IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Tore Gravdal, Tieto Caretech, Norway Ylva Hivand Hiorth, sus, Norway Evelyn Hovenga, EJSH Consulting, Australia Anji Kingman, openOutcomes, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom Martin Koch, Servei Català de la Salut, Spain Ronald Krawec, Alberta Health Services, Canada Elin Kristiansen, Sykehuspartner HF, Norway (openEHR Editor) Anne Kristine Brekka, SSHF, Norway Kanika Kuwelker, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Eli Larsen, UNN, Norway (openEHR Editor) Liv Laugen, Oslo University Hospital, Norway, Norway (openEHR Editor) Heather Leslie, Atomica Informatics, Australia (openEHR Editor) Michael Lutz, BITsoft, Germany Tone Løkse, UNN, Norway Charlotte Marie Schanke, Oslo Universitetssykehus, Norway Ian McNicoll, freshEHR Clinical Informatics, United Kingdom Martin Milde, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Olha Nikolaieva, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland Mikael Nyström, Cambio Healthcare Systems AB, Sweden Marianne Opsahl Bredesen, Helse Nord IKT HF, Norway (openEHR Norway redaktør) Ruben Rognmo, Helse Nord IKT, Norway Terje Sagmyr, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Lena Schell-Majoor, University of Oldenburg, Germany Norwegian Review Summary, Norwegian Public Hospitals, Norway Kanthan Theivendran, NHS, United Kingdom Terese Tveit Helland, helse fonna, haugesund sjukehus, Norway John Tore Valand, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor) Marte Vassli Gullesen, HNIKT, Norway (openEHR Norway redaktør) Cilie Åsberg, Sunnaas Sykehus, Norway Karsten Øvretveit, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor)
Translators	Norwegian Bokmål: