ARCHETYPE Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) (openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.mini_bestest.v0)

ARCHETYPE IDopenEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.mini_bestest.v0
ConceptMini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
DescriptionA quantitative balance assessment tool.
UseUsed to record results for each component parameter, sub scores and their total sum for the Mini-BESTest.
MisuseNot to be used for the BESTest. Use a specific archetype for this purpose.
PurposeTo record results for each component parameter, sub scores and their total sum for the Mini-BESTest.
ReferencesHorak FB, Wrisley DM, Frank J. The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) to differentiate balance deficits. Phys Ther. 2009 May;89(5):484-98.

Franchignoni F, Horak F, Godi M, Nardone A, Giordano A. Using psychometric techniques to improve the Balance Evaluation Systems Test: the mini-BESTest. J Rehabil Med. 2010 Apr;42(4):323-31.

King L, Horak F. On the Mini-BESTest: scoring and the reporting of total scores. Phys Ther. 2013 Apr;93(4):571-5.

Hamre C, Botolfsen P, Tangen GG, Helbostad JL. Interrater and test-retest reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the BESTest and mini-BESTest in people with increased risk of falling. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Apr 20;17:92.

Balance Evaluation Systems Test [Internet]. BESTest [cited 2025 May 28]. Available from: https://www.bestest.us/

Mini-BESTest: Balance Evaluation Systems Test – Norsk Versjon. BESTest [cited 2025 May 28]. Available from: https://bestest.us/files/5414/5651/1621/Mini-BESTest_Norwegian_version.pdf
AuthorsAuthor name: Karsten Ovretveit
Organisation: Helse Vest IKT
Email: karsten.ovretveit@helse-vest-ikt.no
Date originally authored: 2025-04-22
Other Details LanguageAuthor name: Karsten Ovretveit
Organisation: Helse Vest IKT
Email: karsten.ovretveit@helse-vest-ikt.no
Date originally authored: 2025-04-22
OtherDetails Language Independent{licence=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/., custodian_organisation=openEHR Foundation, references=Horak FB, Wrisley DM, Frank J. The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) to differentiate balance deficits. Phys Ther. 2009 May;89(5):484-98. Franchignoni F, Horak F, Godi M, Nardone A, Giordano A. Using psychometric techniques to improve the Balance Evaluation Systems Test: the mini-BESTest. J Rehabil Med. 2010 Apr;42(4):323-31. King L, Horak F. On the Mini-BESTest: scoring and the reporting of total scores. Phys Ther. 2013 Apr;93(4):571-5. Hamre C, Botolfsen P, Tangen GG, Helbostad JL. Interrater and test-retest reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the BESTest and mini-BESTest in people with increased risk of falling. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Apr 20;17:92. Balance Evaluation Systems Test [Internet]. BESTest [cited 2025 May 28]. Available from: https://www.bestest.us/ Mini-BESTest: Balance Evaluation Systems Test – Norsk Versjon. BESTest [cited 2025 May 28]. Available from: https://bestest.us/files/5414/5651/1621/Mini-BESTest_Norwegian_version.pdf , original_namespace=org.openehr, original_publisher=openEHR Foundation, custodian_namespace=org.openehr, MD5-CAM-1.0.1=A8994F9DA4DEA50AF8AAEF3875436FD6, build_uid=cfa20a3f-0614-46df-933e-2d6a95e6f67f, revision=0.0.1-alpha}
Keywordsbalance, postural control, mobility, gait, physical function, stability, fall prevention, sensory orientation
Lifecyclein_development
UID9f9164fb-c7e4-4323-acb4-cbbdd1fccc56
Language useden
Citeable Identifier1013.1.8042
Revision Number0.0.1-alpha
AllArchetype [runtimeNameConstraintForConceptName=null, archetypeConceptBinding=null, archetypeConceptDescription=A quantitative balance assessment tool., archetypeConceptComment=null, otherContributors=Vebjørn Arntzen, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (openEHR Editor)
Silje Ljosland Bakke, Helse Vest IKT AS, Norway (openEHR Editor)
SB Bhattacharyya, Bhattacharyyas Clinical Records Research & Informatics LLP, India
Hanne Marte Bårholm, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor)
Clara Calleja Vega, CatSalut. Servei Català de la Salut., Spain
Ciprian Gerstenberger, Helse Nord IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor)
Evelyn Hovenga, EJSH Consulting, Australia
June Marie Nepstad Knappskog, Helse Nord IKT AS, Norway (openEHR Editor), Norway (openEHR Editor)
Kanika Kuwelker, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor)
Jörgen Kuylenstierna, eWeave AB, Sweden
Eli Larsen, UNN, Norway (openEHR Editor)
Liv Laugen, ​Oslo University Hospital, Norway, Norway (openEHR Editor)
Heather Leslie, Atomica Informatics, Australia (openEHR Editor)
Michael Lutz, BITsoft, Germany
Ian McNicoll, freshEHR Clinical Informatics, United Kingdom
Olha Nikolaieva, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
Mikael Nyström, Cambio Healthcare Systems AB, Sweden
Vuk Radnić, Better, Slovenia
Stein Arne Rimehaug, Sunnaas sykehus, Norway
Anneli Rønstad, Helse Fonna, Norway
Terje Sagmyr, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor)
Lena Schell-Majoor, University of Oldenburg, Germany
Norwegian Review Summary, Norwegian Public Hospitals, Norway
Nyree Taylor, CSIRo, Australia
John Tore Valand, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor)
Karsten Øvretveit, Helse Vest IKT, Norway (openEHR Editor), originalLanguage=en, translators=
  • Norwegian Bokmål: Karsten Ovretveit, Helse Vest IKT, karsten.ovretveit@helse-vest-ikt.no

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    1: Moderate [Comes to stand WITH use of hands on first attempt.]
    0: Severe [Unable to stand up from chair without assistance, OR needs several attempts with use of hands.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0010], code=at0010, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=2. Rise to toes, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Stable for 3 s with maximum height.]
    1: Moderate [Heels up, but not full range (smaller than when holding hands), OR noticeable instability for 3 s.]
    0: Severe [≤ 3 s.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0015], code=at0015, itemType=CLUSTER, level=5, text=3. Stand on one leg, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0015]/items[at0024], code=at0024, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Time left leg trial 1, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
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    1: Moderate [< 20 s.]
    0: Severe [Unable.]
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    Limit decimal places: 0, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0015]/items[at0020], code=at0020, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Right stand on one leg, description=, comment=Use the trial with the longest time., uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [20 s.]
    1: Moderate [< 20 s.]
    0: Severe [Unable.]
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    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029], code=at0029, itemType=CLUSTER, level=4, text=Reactive postural control, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0030], code=at0030, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=4. Compensatory stepping correction - forward, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Recovers independently with a single, large step (second realignment step is allowed).]
    1: Moderate [More than one step used to recover equilibrium.]
    0: Severe [No step, OR would fall if not caught, OR falls spontaneously.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0034], code=at0034, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=5. Compensatory stepping correction - backward, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Recovers independently with a single, large step.]
    1: Moderate [More than one step used to recover equilibrium.]
    0: Severe [No step, OR would fall if not caught, OR falls spontaneously.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0039], code=at0039, itemType=CLUSTER, level=5, text=6. Compensatory stepping correction - lateral, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0039]/items[at0040], code=at0040, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Left, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Recovers independently with 1 step (crossover or lateral OK).]
    1: Moderate [Several steps to recover equilibrium.]
    0: Severe [Falls, or cannot step.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0039]/items[at0044], code=at0044, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Right, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Recovers independently with 1 step (crossover or lateral OK).]
    1: Moderate [Several steps to recover equilibrium.]
    0: Severe [Falls, or cannot step.]
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    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0055], code=at0055, itemType=CLUSTER, level=4, text=Sensory orientation, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0055]/items[at0102], code=at0102, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=Stance time - eyes open, description=Length of time, in seconds, can maintain a stance with feet together and eyes open on a firm surface., comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
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    1: Moderate [< 30 s.]
    0: Severe [Unable.]
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    Units: >=0.0 s
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    1: Moderate [< 30 s.]
    0: Severe [Unable.]
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    Units: >=0.0 s
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    1: Moderate [Stands independently <30 s OR aligns with surface.]
    0: Severe [Unable.]
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    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069], code=at0069, itemType=CLUSTER, level=4, text=Dynamic gait, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0070], code=at0070, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=10. Change in gait speed, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Significantly changes walking speed without imbalance.]
    1: Moderate [Unable to change walking speed or signs of imbalance.]
    0: Severe [Unable to achieve significant change in walking speed AND signs of imbalance.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0079], code=at0079, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=11. Walk with head turns - horizontal, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [performs head turns with no change in gait speed and good balance.]
    1: Moderate [performs head turns with reduction in gait speed.]
    0: Severe [performs head turns with imbalance.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0074], code=at0074, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=12. Walk with pivot turns, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Turns with feet close FAST (< 3 steps) with good balance.]
    1: Moderate [Turns with feet close SLOW (>4 steps) with good balance.]
    0: Severe [Cannot turn with feet close at any speed without imbalance.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0083], code=at0083, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=13. Step over obstacles, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Able to step over box with minimal change of gait speed and with good balance.]
    1: Moderate [Steps over box but touches box OR displays cautious behavior by slowing gait.]
    0: Severe [Unable to step over box OR steps around box.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0088], code=at0088, itemType=CLUSTER, level=5, text=14. Timed up & go with dual task [3 meter walk], description=, comment=Timed up & go (TUG), uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0088]/items[at0097], code=at0097, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Time TUG, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
    Units: >=0.0 s
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    Units: >=0.0 s
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    1: Moderate [Dual Task affects either counting OR walking (>10%) when compared to the TUG without Dual Task.]
    0: Severe [Stops counting while walking OR stops walking while counting.]
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