ARCHETYPE Mini-BESTest (openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.mini_bestest.v0)

ARCHETYPE IDopenEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.mini_bestest.v0
ConceptMini-BESTest
DescriptionA clinical tool and research outcome measure of dynamic balance control.
UseUsed to record results for each component parameter, sub scores and their total sum for the Mini-BESTest.
PurposeTo record results for each component parameter, sub scores and their total sum for the Mini-BESTest.
ReferencesHorak FB, Wrisley DM, Frank J. The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) to differentiate balance deficits. Phys Ther. 2009 May;89(5):484-98.

Franchignoni F, Horak F, Godi M, Nardone A, Giordano A. Using psychometric techniques to improve the Balance Evaluation Systems Test: the mini-BESTest. J Rehabil Med. 2010 Apr;42(4):323-31.

King L, Horak F. On the Mini-BESTest: scoring and the reporting of total scores. Phys Ther. 2013 Apr;93(4):571-5.

Hamre C, Botolfsen P, Tangen GG, Helbostad JL. Interrater and test-retest reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the BESTest and mini-BESTest in people with increased risk of falling. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Apr 20;17:92.

Balance Evaluation Systems Test [Internet]. BESTest [cited 2025 May 28]. Available from: https://www.bestest.us/

Mini-BESTest: Balance Evaluation Systems Test – Norsk Versjon. BESTest [cited 2025 May 28]. Available from: https://bestest.us/files/5414/5651/1621/Mini-BESTest_Norwegian_version.pdf
Copyright© openEHR Foundation
AuthorsAuthor name: Karsten Ovretveit
Organisation: Helse Vest IKT
Email: karsten.ovretveit@helse-vest-ikt.no
Date originally authored: 2025-04-22
Other Details LanguageAuthor name: Karsten Ovretveit
Organisation: Helse Vest IKT
Email: karsten.ovretveit@helse-vest-ikt.no
Date originally authored: 2025-04-22
OtherDetails Language Independent{licence=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/., custodian_organisation=openEHR Foundation, references=Horak FB, Wrisley DM, Frank J. The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) to differentiate balance deficits. Phys Ther. 2009 May;89(5):484-98. Franchignoni F, Horak F, Godi M, Nardone A, Giordano A. Using psychometric techniques to improve the Balance Evaluation Systems Test: the mini-BESTest. J Rehabil Med. 2010 Apr;42(4):323-31. King L, Horak F. On the Mini-BESTest: scoring and the reporting of total scores. Phys Ther. 2013 Apr;93(4):571-5. Hamre C, Botolfsen P, Tangen GG, Helbostad JL. Interrater and test-retest reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the BESTest and mini-BESTest in people with increased risk of falling. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Apr 20;17:92. Balance Evaluation Systems Test [Internet]. BESTest [cited 2025 May 28]. Available from: https://www.bestest.us/ Mini-BESTest: Balance Evaluation Systems Test – Norsk Versjon. BESTest [cited 2025 May 28]. Available from: https://bestest.us/files/5414/5651/1621/Mini-BESTest_Norwegian_version.pdf, original_namespace=org.openehr, original_publisher=openEHR Foundation, custodian_namespace=org.openehr, MD5-CAM-1.0.1=F8D1ACAD60E158D399F73104FB12CCF9, build_uid=aa7a9990-05ab-4a53-81b9-dbad59689e29, revision=0.0.1-alpha}
Keywordsbalance, postural control, mobility, gait, physical function
Lifecyclein_development
UID9f9164fb-c7e4-4323-acb4-cbbdd1fccc56
Language useden
Citeable Identifier1013.1.7931
Revision Number0.0.1-alpha
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  • Norwegian Bokmål: Karsten Ovretveit, Helse Vest IKT, karsten.ovretveit@helse-vest-ikt.no

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    1: Moderate [Comes to stand WITH use of hands on first attempt.]
    0: Severe [Unable to stand up from chair without assistance, OR needs several attempts with use of hands.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0010], code=at0010, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=2. Rise to toes, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Stable for 3 s with maximum height.]
    1: Moderate [Heels up, but not full range (smaller than when holding hands), OR noticeable instability for 3 s.]
    0: Severe [≤ 3 s.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0015], code=at0015, itemType=CLUSTER, level=5, text=3. Stand on one leg, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0015]/items[at0024], code=at0024, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Time left leg trial 1, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
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    Units: >=0.0 s
    Limit decimal places: 0, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0015]/items[at0016], code=at0016, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Left, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [20 s.]
    1: Moderate [< 20 s.]
    0: Severe [Unable.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0015]/items[at0026], code=at0026, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Time right leg trial 1, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
    Units: >=0.0 s
    Limit decimal places: 0, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0015]/items[at0027], code=at0027, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Time right leg trial 2, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
    Units: >=0.0 s
    Limit decimal places: 0, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0005]/items[at0015]/items[at0020], code=at0020, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Right, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [20 s.]
    1: Moderate [< 20 s.]
    0: Severe [Unable]
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    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029], code=at0029, itemType=CLUSTER, level=4, text=Reactive postural control, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0030], code=at0030, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=4. Compensatory stepping correction - forward, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Recovers independently with a single, large step (second realignment step is allowed).]
    1: Moderate [More than one step used to recover equilibrium.]
    0: Severe [No step, OR would fall if not caught, OR falls spontaneously.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0034], code=at0034, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=5. Compensatory stepping correction - backward, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Recovers independently with a single, large step.]
    1: Moderate [More than one step used to recover equilibrium.]
    0: Severe [No step, OR would fall if not caught, OR falls spontaneously.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0039], code=at0039, itemType=CLUSTER, level=5, text=6. Compensatory stepping correction - lateral, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0039]/items[at0040], code=at0040, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Left, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Recovers independently with 1 step (crossover or lateral OK).]
    1: Moderate [Several steps to recover equilibrium.]
    0: Severe [Falls, or cannot step.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0039]/items[at0044], code=at0044, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Right, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Recovers independently with 1 step (crossover or lateral OK).]
    1: Moderate [Several steps to recover equilibrium.]
    0: Severe [Falls, or cannot step.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0029]/items[at0052], code=at0052, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=Sub score, description=The sum of all items in the reactive postural control section., comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=DV_COUNT, bindings=null, values=min: >=0; max: <=6

    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0055], code=at0055, itemType=CLUSTER, level=4, text=Sensory orientation, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0055]/items[at0102], code=at0102, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=Time stance (feet together); eyes open, firm surface, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
    Units: >=0.0 s
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    1: Moderate [< 30 s.]
    0: Severe [Unable.]
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    Units: >=0.0 s
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    1: Moderate [< 30 s.]
    0: Severe [Unable.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0055]/items[at0104], code=at0104, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=Time incline - eyes closed, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
    Units: >=0.0 s
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    1: Moderate [Stands independently <30 s OR aligns with surface.]
    0: Severe [Unable.]
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    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069], code=at0069, itemType=CLUSTER, level=4, text=Dynamic gait, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0070], code=at0070, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=10. Change in gait speed, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Significantly changes walking speed without imbalance.]
    1: Moderate [Unable to change walking speed or signs of imbalance.]
    0: Severe [Unable to achieve significant change in walking speed AND signs of imbalance.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0079], code=at0079, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=11. Walk with head turns - horizontal, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [performs head turns with no change in gait speed and good balance.]
    1: Moderate [performs head turns with reduction in gait speed.]
    0: Severe [performs head turns with imbalance.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0074], code=at0074, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=12. Walk with pivot turns, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Turns with feet close FAST (< 3 steps) with good balance.]
    1: Moderate [Turns with feet close SLOW (>4 steps) with good balance.]
    0: Severe [Cannot turn with feet close at any speed without imbalance.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0083], code=at0083, itemType=ELEMENT, level=5, text=13. Step over obstacles, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [Able to step over box with minimal change of gait speed and with good balance.]
    1: Moderate [Steps over box but touches box OR displays cautious behavior by slowing gait.]
    0: Severe [Unable to step over box OR steps around box.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0088], code=at0088, itemType=CLUSTER, level=5, text=14. Timed up & go with dual task [3 meter walk], description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=1..*, cardinalityText=, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=CLUSTER, bindings=null, values=, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0088]/items[at0097], code=at0097, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Time TUG, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
    Units: >=0.0 s
    Limit decimal places: 0, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0088]/items[at0089], code=at0089, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=TUG, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [No noticeable change in sitting, standing or walking while backward counting when compared to TUG without Dual Task.]
    1: Moderate [Dual Task affects either counting OR walking (>10%) when compared to the TUG without Dual Task.]
    0: Severe [Stops counting while walking OR stops walking while counting.]
    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0088]/items[at0098], code=at0098, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Time Dual Task TUG, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_QUANTITY, bindings=null, values=Property: Time
    Units: >=0.0 s
    Limit decimal places: 0, extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0069]/items[at0088]/items[at0093], code=at0093, itemType=ELEMENT, level=6, text=Dual Task TUG, description=, comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=C_DV_ORDINAL, bindings=null, values=2: Normal [No noticeable change in sitting, standing or walking while backward counting when compared to TUG without Dual Task.]
    1: Moderate [Dual Task affects either counting OR walking (>10%) when compared to the TUG without Dual Task.]
    0: Severe [Stops counting while walking OR stops walking while counting.]
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    , extendedValues=null], ResourceSimplifiedHierarchyItem [path=/data[at0001]/events[at0002]/data[at0003]/items[at0100], code=at0100, itemType=ELEMENT, level=4, text=Total score, description=The total sum of all sub scores., comment=null, uncommonOntologyItems=null, occurencesFormal=0..1, occurencesText=Optional, cardinalityFormal=null, cardinalityText=null, subCardinalityFormal=null, subCardinalityText=null, dataType=DV_COUNT, bindings=null, values=min: >=0; max: <=28

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